{"id":113355,"date":"2024-01-18T03:57:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T08:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/?p=113355"},"modified":"2024-01-24T04:12:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T09:12:23","slug":"houthi-attacks-on-the-rise-gaza-war-expands-across-the-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/fr\/les-attaques-des-houthis-se-multiplient-la-guerre-de-gaza-setend-au-moyen-orient\/","title":{"rendered":"Les attaques des Houthis se multiplient ; la guerre de Gaza s'\u00e9tend au Moyen-Orient"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 14 janvier 2024, le conflit de Gaza a atteint son 100e jour, avec un bilan de 24 447 Palestiniens et environ 1 139 Isra\u00e9liens tu\u00e9s depuis le 7 octobre 2023. Cependant, \u00e0 l'approche de ce jalon, l'attention mondiale s'est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 250 miles de l\u00e0, au Y\u00e9men. Le 12 janvier, les forces britanniques et am\u00e9ricaines ont men\u00e9 73 frappes a\u00e9riennes sur des positions associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la milice rebelle Houthi du Y\u00e9men, faisant au moins cinq victimes. Cette riposte a \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9e par l'intensification des attaques des Houthis depuis novembre, qui ont pris pour cible des navires en mer Rouge en repr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 l'invasion isra\u00e9lienne de la bande de Gaza. Le lendemain, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine a men\u00e9 une frappe de moindre envergure pr\u00e8s de l'a\u00e9roport de Sanaa, point de lancement par les Houthis de projectiles contre les navires marchands, sans faire de bless\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ces deux attaques ont \u00e9largi la port\u00e9e g\u00e9ographique du conflit et augment\u00e9 le nombre de parties impliqu\u00e9es, intensifiant une situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 volatile. Cette \u00e9volution s'inscrit dans la logique des Houthis, qui se pr\u00e9sentent comme des adversaires de l'Occident et de v\u00e9ritables soutiens de la cause palestinienne dans le monde arabe. La perturbation strat\u00e9gique d'une route commerciale maritime mondiale vitale, qui oblige les navires \u00e0 contourner l'Afrique, renforce ce message. En outre, la situation profite \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, car son principal alli\u00e9, les \u00c9tats-Unis, est directement engag\u00e9 dans la lutte contre les Houthis, un groupe soutenu par l'Iran, un adversaire commun. L'escalade de la mer Rouge a \u00e9galement d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 l'attention de Gaza, entra\u00eenant une diminution de l'intensit\u00e9 des bombardements isra\u00e9liens dans cette r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasruldeen Amer, le porte-parole des Houthis, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision Al Jazeera que la r\u00e9cente attaque entra\u00eenerait une r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9solue et efficace. Par ailleurs, Hans Grundberg, l'envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies pour le Y\u00e9men, o\u00f9 80% de la population a besoin d'une aide humanitaire, s'est dit tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la situation r\u00e9gionale de plus en plus pr\u00e9caire. Il a exhort\u00e9 toutes les parties concern\u00e9es \u00e0 s'abstenir de toute action susceptible d'aggraver la situation au Y\u00e9men, d'intensifier les menaces pesant sur les routes commerciales maritimes ou d'exacerber les tensions r\u00e9gionales en cette p\u00e9riode critique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Contrairement \u00e0 la position des Houthis, Washington maintient sa position d'\u00e9viter une confrontation ouverte avec les Houthis, et encore moins avec l'Iran. Kirsten Fontenrose, affili\u00e9e au groupe de r\u00e9flexion Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative, explique que T\u00e9h\u00e9ran n'a pas non plus de raison de souligner son implication dans le conflit ou avec les Houthis \u00e0 l'heure actuelle. Selon elle, l'Iran atteint ses objectifs strat\u00e9giques sans intervention directe, comme en t\u00e9moignent la baisse de popularit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis dans le monde et le ralentissement de la normalisation des relations entre Isra\u00ebl et les nouveaux pays arabes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon Ignacio \u00c1lvarez-Ossorio, expert du Moyen-Orient et professeur d'\u00e9tudes arabes et islamiques \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 Complutense de Madrid, Isra\u00ebl est per\u00e7u comme ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis dans le conflit. \u00c1lvarez-Ossorio sugg\u00e8re qu'Isra\u00ebl y est parvenu en lan\u00e7ant des attaques contre les Gardiens de la r\u00e9volution iraniens en Syrie et en ciblant le Hamas et le Hezbollah au Liban, dans le but \"d'ouvrir un nouveau front\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les attaques des Houthis ont commenc\u00e9 en novembre, le groupe rebelle se concentrant th\u00e9oriquement sur les navires marchands appartenant \u00e0 des Isra\u00e9liens ou battant pavillon isra\u00e9lien, ainsi que sur les navires \u00e0 destination ou en partance d'Isra\u00ebl. Toutefois, dans la pratique, ils ont non seulement attaqu\u00e9 par erreur des navires qui n'avaient rien \u00e0 voir avec eux, mais se sont \u00e9galement engag\u00e9s dans des conflits avec d'autres navires. Par cons\u00e9quent, les principales compagnies maritimes \u00e9vitent d\u00e9sormais le passage par la mer Rouge. Au cours des deux derniers mois de 2023, le nombre quotidien de conteneurs traversant la mer Rouge a chut\u00e9 de 66%, passant de 500 000 \u00e0 200 000, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 30% du trafic mondial de conteneurs. Les navires choisissent d\u00e9sormais de contourner l'Afrique par le cap de Nouvelle-Esp\u00e9rance, ce qui entra\u00eene une augmentation de 170% des co\u00fbts de transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s des semaines d'escalade de la tension, le 9 janvier a marqu\u00e9 un tournant : le mouvement y\u00e9m\u00e9nite a lanc\u00e9 son attaque la plus importante \u00e0 ce jour. Le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies a r\u00e9agi en adoptant une r\u00e9solution condamnant l'assaut des Houthis, tandis que la Maison-Blanche exhortait le groupe rebelle \u00e0 cesser ses actions hostiles. \u00c0 l'aube du 12 janvier, les forces am\u00e9ricaines et britanniques ont pris pour cible des syst\u00e8mes de surveillance antia\u00e9rienne, des radars et des arsenaux contenant des drones, des missiles de croisi\u00e8re et des missiles balistiques en divers endroits du Y\u00e9men contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les rebelles houthis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerald M. Feierstein, ancien diplomate am\u00e9ricain et expert du Moyen-Orient au sein du groupe de r\u00e9flexion Middle East Institute, partage l'avis selon lequel la tentative des Houthis de s'impliquer dans le conflit de Gaza vise \u00e0 renforcer leur base de soutien et \u00e0 consolider leur position au sein de \"l'axe de la r\u00e9sistance\", un groupe qui comprend le Hezbollah et le Hamas. Les Houthis ont gagn\u00e9 du soutien, m\u00eame de la part de leurs d\u00e9tracteurs, d'autant plus que le gouvernement internationalement reconnu du Y\u00e9men, leur adversaire, se concentre davantage sur les attaques maritimes de la mer Rouge que sur les victimes civiles \u00e0 Gaza. Le 12 janvier, des centaines de milliers de personnes ont manifest\u00e9 \u00e0 Sanaa, la capitale tenue par les Houthis, contre les frappes a\u00e9riennes des \u00c9tats-Unis et du Royaume-Uni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 10 janvier, le Centre arabe pour la recherche et les \u00e9tudes politiques, bas\u00e9 au Qatar, a publi\u00e9 une analyse de l'opinion publique arabe concernant la guerre isra\u00e9lienne \u00e0 Gaza. L'enqu\u00eate, men\u00e9e dans 16 pays arabes, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que 69% expriment leur solidarit\u00e9 avec les Palestiniens et leur soutien au Hamas. 23% soutiennent exclusivement la population de Gaza mais rejettent le mouvement islamiste responsable de l'attaque d'octobre contre Isra\u00ebl, qui a fait environ 1 200 victimes. En revanche, 94% critiquent la position des \u00c9tats-Unis dans la crise, les accusant d'avoir oppos\u00e9 leur veto \u00e0 un cessez-le-feu et d'avoir apport\u00e9 un soutien financier et militaire \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, 82% qualifiant cette position de \"tr\u00e8s mauvaise\". En ce qui concerne l'Iran, malgr\u00e9 les rivalit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et les diff\u00e9rences entre les axes sunnite et chiite, 37% sont favorables \u00e0 la position du pays, tandis que 48% y sont oppos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'intervention de l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine a suscit\u00e9 l'inqui\u00e9tude d'autres pays du Moyen-Orient abritant des milices pro-iraniennes hostiles \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl. Ces pays craignent que le conflit ne s'\u00e9tende \u00e0 leurs fronti\u00e8res. Le pr\u00e9sident irakien Abdellatif Rashid a fermement condamn\u00e9 toute tentative d'\u00e9largissement du conflit, soulignant l'impact pr\u00e9judiciable qu'il pourrait avoir sur tout le monde. Le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res du Liban, o\u00f9 des affrontements entre les milices du Hezbollah et l'arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne se produisent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans le sud du pays, a exprim\u00e9 sa vive inqui\u00e9tude face \u00e0 l'escalade et aux actions militaires en mer Rouge, ainsi qu'aux frappes a\u00e9riennes sur le territoire y\u00e9m\u00e9nite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la possibilit\u00e9 d'une intensification du conflit suscite un malaise croissant. La repr\u00e9sentante Elissa Slotkin, d\u00e9mocrate du Michigan, a exprim\u00e9 ses inqui\u00e9tudes quant \u00e0 l'escalade r\u00e9gionale dans un message publi\u00e9 sur X, anciennement Twitter. Elle a soulign\u00e9 l'utilisation par l'Iran de groupes tels que les Houthis pour mener des batailles, maintenir un d\u00e9ni plausible et \u00e9viter les conflits directs avec les \u00c9tats-Unis ou d'autres pays. Mme Slotkin a insist\u00e9 sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mettre fin \u00e0 cette pratique, en esp\u00e9rant que le message avait \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 14 janvier 2024, le conflit de Gaza a atteint son 100e jour, avec un bilan de 24 447 Palestiniens et environ 1 139 Isra\u00e9liens tu\u00e9s depuis le 7 octobre 2023. Cependant, \u00e0 l'approche de ce jalon, l'attention mondiale s'est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 250 miles de l\u00e0, au Y\u00e9men. Le 12 janvier, les forces britanniques et am\u00e9ricaines ont men\u00e9 73 frappes a\u00e9riennes sur des positions associ\u00e9es \u00e0 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":113360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[205,156,17,20],"tags":[546,202,113,22,564],"yoast_head":"\nGaza War Expands Across the Middle East<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On January 14, 2024, the Gaza conflict reached its 100th day with a death toll of 24,447 Palestinians and approximately 1,139 Israelis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/fr\/les-attaques-des-houthis-se-multiplient-la-guerre-de-gaza-setend-au-moyen-orient\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gaza War Expands Across the Middle East\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On January 14, 2024, the Gaza conflict reached its 100th day with a death toll of 24,447 Palestinians and approximately 1,139 Israelis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/fr\/les-attaques-des-houthis-se-multiplient-la-guerre-de-gaza-setend-au-moyen-orient\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sitata\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sitata.goanywhere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-18T08:57:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-24T09:12:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/sitata-wp\/2024\/01\/image-10-1024x682.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"682\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Harshitha Paderu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@_sitata_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@_sitata_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Harshitha Paderu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/houthi-attacks-on-the-rise-gaza-war-expands-across-the-middle-east\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/houthi-attacks-on-the-rise-gaza-war-expands-across-the-middle-east\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Harshitha Paderu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9df46c888b9e39d0b20d1308cd8df3fd\"},\"headline\":\"Houthi Attacks on the Rise; 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