{"id":106,"date":"2016-03-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new-blog.sitata.com\/2016\/03\/23\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/"},"modified":"2020-09-08T09:29:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T13:29:57","slug":"zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/fi\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/","title":{"rendered":"Zikavirus - keskeiset kysymykset"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 id=\"de37\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">Zikavirus - keskeiset kysymykset<\/h3>\n<p id=\"5c78\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">Sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun zikavirus l\u00f6ydettiin Ugandassa vuonna 1974, se on levinnyt hitaasti ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa, ensin muihin Afrikan maihin, sitten joihinkin Kaakkois-Aasian maihin, sitten Tyynenmeren yli (mukaan lukien suuri taudinpurkaus Ranskan Polynesiassa) ja nyt lopulta Amerikkaan. Nyt 60 maata on ilmoittanut zikavirustartunnan saaneista ihmisist\u00e4. Etel\u00e4-Korea ja Kiina ovat viimeisimpi\u00e4, jotka ovat ilmoittaneet tapauksista matkustajissa, jotka palaavat maista, joissa virusta on esiintynyt. Virusta levitt\u00e4v\u00e4t kuitenkin paikallisesti tartunnan saaneet hyttyset 33 maassa ja alueella Amerikassa. Kuuba ja Dominica ovat viimeisimm\u00e4t, jotka ovat ilmoittaneet paikallisten hyttysten aiheuttamasta tartunnasta.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4a45\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mik\u00e4 on nykytilanne?<\/p>\n<p id=\"6d26\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Zikaviruksen maantieteellinen levinneisyys on jatkuvasti laajentunut sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun virus havaittiin ensimm\u00e4isen kerran Amerikassa vuonna 2014. Kaksi pahiten k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4\u00e4 maata ovat olleet Brasilia ja Kolumbia. Muut maat, kuten Jamaika, Yhdysvaltain Neitsytsaaret ja Puerto Rico, ovat raportoineet muutamista satoihin tapauksiin.<\/p>\n<p id=\"60c3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mutta <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/204633\/1\/zikasitrep_17Mar2016_eng.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/204633\/1\/zikasitrep_17Mar2016_eng.pdf?ua=1\">kuinka laajalle levinnyt se todella on<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p id=\"b46b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Maiden on vaikea laskea kaikkia ihmisi\u00e4, joilla on t\u00e4m\u00e4 tartunta. Suurin osa virustartunnan saaneista (noin 80%) ei sairastu lainkaan. He eiv\u00e4t hakeudu l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rin hoitoon, ja siksi heit\u00e4 ei ilmoiteta terveysviranomaisille laskemista varten. Kukaan ei siis voi sanoa, kuinka moni ihminen on saanut tartunnan miss\u00e4\u00e4n maassa. On todenn\u00e4k\u00f6ist\u00e4, ett\u00e4 virus on levinnyt melko laajalle kaikissa Amerikan maissa Kanadaa ja Chile\u00e4 lukuun ottamatta (joissa ei esiinny oikeanlaista hyttyst\u00e4, joka voisi kantaa virusta). Se, ett\u00e4 muissa maissa ei ole raportoitu t\u00e4m\u00e4n viruksen tarttumisesta, ei tarkoita, ett\u00e4 sit\u00e4 ei olisi siell\u00e4. Asiaa mutkistaa se, ett\u00e4 kaupallisesti saatavilla ei ole hyv\u00e4ksyttyj\u00e4 laboratoriotestej\u00e4 tartunnan nopeaan varmistamiseen. Tiettyj\u00e4 testej\u00e4 voidaan tehd\u00e4 viruksen esiintymisen toteamiseksi henkil\u00f6st\u00e4, joka on todella sairas, mutta niiss\u00e4kin on joitakin rajoituksia. Joskus testi voidaan sekoittaa denguekuume- ja chikungunya-viruksiin, jotka kiert\u00e4v\u00e4t v\u00e4est\u00f6ss\u00e4 samaan aikaan.<\/p>\n<p id=\"dcf8\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mutta t\u00e4m\u00e4 virus ei ole triviaali<\/p>\n<p id=\"64fb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Viruksen aiheuttamat oireet eiv\u00e4t ole erityisen vakavia (kuumetta, lihass\u00e4rky\u00e4, liev\u00e4\u00e4 ihottumaa), ja ihmiset toipuvat yleens\u00e4 muutamassa p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4. T\u00e4h\u00e4n infektioon ei ole olemassa erityist\u00e4 hoitoa. Zika-infektion aiheuttamat kuolemantapaukset ovat harvinaisia, ja niit\u00e4 voi esiinty\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4, joilla on vakavia ennest\u00e4\u00e4n vallitsevia terveystiloja. T\u00e4m\u00e4 virus ei kuitenkaan ole vaaraton.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7687\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mikrokefalia<\/p>\n<p id=\"fe7a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mikrokefalia (ep\u00e4normaalin pienet aivot) on vastasyntyneill\u00e4 lapsilla esiintyv\u00e4 sairaus. Sen aiheuttavat monet raskauden aikana esiintyv\u00e4t sairaudet, mukaan lukien tietyt tunnetut infektiot, kuten tuhkarokko (vihurirokko). Kun Zika-viruksen levi\u00e4minen Brasiliassa lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi, l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit alkoivat huomata t\u00e4m\u00e4n tilan dramaattista lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymist\u00e4 vastasyntyneill\u00e4. Viimeisen vuoden aikana on saatu yh\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n n\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 eri tutkimuksista, jotka osoittavat, ett\u00e4 zikavirus on eritt\u00e4in todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti mikrokefaliaa aiheuttava tekij\u00e4. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimuksia on meneill\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4m\u00e4n vahvistamiseksi. T\u00e4ll\u00e4 v\u00e4lin raskaana olevia naisia ja raskautta suunnittelevia naisia kehotetaan varotoimenpiteen\u00e4 v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n matkustamista alueille, joilla t\u00e4m\u00e4 virus levi\u00e4\u00e4 aktiivisesti.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4543\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Guillain-Barr\u00e9n oireyhtym\u00e4 (GBS)<\/p>\n<p id=\"507d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">T\u00e4m\u00e4n viruksen levi\u00e4misen my\u00f6t\u00e4 12 maata tai aluetta on ilmoittanut Guillain-Barr\u00e9-oireyhtym\u00e4st\u00e4 (GBS) k\u00e4rsivien ihmisten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneen. GBS on tila, joka seuraa usein jonkin aikaa infektion j\u00e4lkeen. Oireina ovat nopeasti alkavat tuntemusten tai kivun muutokset, usein k\u00e4siss\u00e4 tai jaloissa, joita seuraa lihasheikkous. Oireet kehittyv\u00e4t puolesta p\u00e4iv\u00e4st\u00e4 kahteen viikkoon. Akuutin vaiheen aikana t\u00e4m\u00e4 sairaus voi olla hengenvaarallinen, sill\u00e4 noin nelj\u00e4sosalle potilaista kehittyy hengityslihasten heikkous. On yh\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n n\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 zikavirus on uusi GBS:n aiheuttaja.<\/p>\n<p id=\"60bb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Seksuaalinen l\u00e4hetys<\/p>\n<p id=\"ba01\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Useat maat (Yhdysvallat, Ranska ja Italia) ovat raportoineet, ett\u00e4 Zika-tartunnan saanut mies on siirt\u00e4nyt tartunnan naispuoliselle seksikumppanilleen. Ei tiedet\u00e4, onko t\u00e4m\u00e4 yleinen vai ep\u00e4tavallinen tapa tarttua t\u00e4h\u00e4n virukseen.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6103\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/zika\/pregnancy\/question-answers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/zika\/pregnancy\/question-answers.html\">Kysymykset<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"2aa9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Raskaus<\/p>\n<p id=\"001b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Jos raskaana oleva nainen altistuu<\/p>\n<p id=\"32eb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, kuinka todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti h\u00e4n saa Zikan. Monet tartunnan saaneet naiset synnytt\u00e4v\u00e4t normaalisti.<\/p>\n<p id=\"5bf1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Jos raskaana oleva nainen saa tartunnan<\/p>\n<p id=\"64ed\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, miten virus vaikuttaa h\u00e4neen tai h\u00e4nen raskauteensa.<\/p>\n<p id=\"8461\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, kuinka todenn\u00e4k\u00f6ist\u00e4 on, ett\u00e4 Zika tarttuu h\u00e4nen siki\u00f6\u00f6ns\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9189\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, onko siki\u00f6 saanut tartunnan, saako siki\u00f6 synnynn\u00e4isi\u00e4 vikoja.<\/p>\n<p id=\"cb5a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, milloin raskauden aikana infektio voi aiheuttaa haittaa siki\u00f6lle.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4a95\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, tuleeko h\u00e4nen vauvallaan olemaan synnynn\u00e4isi\u00e4 vikoja.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7234\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, onko zikaviruksen seksuaalisessa tartunnassa erilainen syntym\u00e4vikojen riski kuin hyttysten v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4 tapahtuvassa tartunnassa.<\/p>\n<p id=\"f53e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Seksuaalinen l\u00e4hetys<\/p>\n<p id=\"1811\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Virus on siemennesteess\u00e4 pidemp\u00e4\u00e4n kuin veress\u00e4, jopa 2 kuukautta tai ehk\u00e4 pidemp\u00e4\u00e4nkin.<\/p>\n<p id=\"2c4e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, kuinka kauan virus s\u00e4ilyy siemennesteess\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3b8d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, kuinka usein siemennesteess\u00e4 oleva virus tarttuu seksikumppaniin. Sellaisen miehen naispuolisen kumppanin, joka on vieraillut alueilla, joilla Zika-virus tarttuu aktiivisesti, tulisi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 ehk\u00e4isytoimenpiteit\u00e4 v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 2 kuukauden ajan.<\/p>\n<p id=\"baad\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Miehen, joka on vieraillut alueilla, joilla Zika-tauti levi\u00e4\u00e4 aktiivisesti, tulisi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kondomia, jos h\u00e4n harrastaa seksi\u00e4 raskaana olevan naisen kanssa.<\/p>\n<p id=\"5bd4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Emme tied\u00e4, voiko nainen siirt\u00e4\u00e4 viruksen miehelle seksin v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4. Emme tied\u00e4, voiko virus tarttua anaalisen, oraalisen tai muunlaisen seksuaalisen kosketuksen kautta.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9968\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Testaus<\/p>\n<p id=\"45fd\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Kaikkien raskaana olevien naisten, jotka ovat k\u00e4yneet alueilla, joilla on aktiivinen Zika-viruksen levi\u00e4minen, olisi otettava verikoe viruksen varalta riippumatta siit\u00e4, onko heill\u00e4 oireita vai ei.<\/p>\n<p id=\"f406\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">- Kaikkien raskaana olevien naisten, jotka ovat vierailleet alueilla, joilla Zika-tauti levi\u00e4\u00e4 aktiivisesti, tulisi tehd\u00e4 raskauden aikana huolellinen seurantatutkimus siki\u00f6n mahdollisten ep\u00e4muodostumien havaitsemiseksi.<\/p>\n<p id=\"afd1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing\">- Ihmiset, jotka ovat vierailleet alueilla, joilla on aktiivinen Zika-viruksen levi\u00e4minen, olisi testattava, jos heill\u00e4 on ollut tai jos he saavat taudin oireita.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zika-virus - keskeiset kysymykset Sen j\u00e4lkeen kun Zika-virus l\u00f6ydettiin Ugandassa vuonna 1974, se on levinnyt hitaasti ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa, ensin muihin Afrikan maihin, sitten joihinkin Kaakkois-Aasian maihin, sitten Tyynenmeren yli (mukaan lukien suuri taudinpurkaus Ranskan Polynesiassa) ja nyt lopulta Amerikkaan. Nyt 60 maata on ilmoittanut [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Zika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions - Sitata<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitata.com\/fi\/zika-virus-key-questions-7cefa3f64825\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions - Sitata\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zika Virus\u200a\u2014\u200aKey Questions Since the Zika virus was first discovered in Uganda in 1974, it has slowly spread around the world, first to other African countries, then to some countries in southeast Asia, then across the Pacific (including a major outbreak in French Polynesia) and now finally to the Americas. 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